Massage the AST so that identical sub-formula share the same

reference-counted formula*.  One can't call constructors for AST
items anymore, everything need to be acquired through instance()
class methods.

* src/ltlast/formula.cc, src/ltlast/refformula.cc,
src/ltlast/refformula.hh: New files.
* src/ltlast/Makefile.am (libltlast_la_SOURCES): Add them.
* src/ltlast/atomic_prop.cc, src/ltlast/atomic_prop.hh,
src/ltlast/unop.cc, src/ltlast/unop.hh,
src/ltlast/binop.cc, src/ltlast/binop.hh: Make the constructor
and destructor protected.  Define a static function `instance()'
to get an instance with specific argument.  Use a map called
`instances' to store all known instances.  Inherit from
ref_formula.
* src/ltlast/constant.hh, src/ltlast/constant.cc: Protect
the constructor and destructor.  Provide the false_instance()
and true_instance() functions instead.
* src/formula.hh (ref, unref, ref_, unref_): New methods.
* src/ltlast/multop.cc, src/ltlast/multop.hh: Protect
the constructor, destructor, as well as the add() method.
Provides the instance(), and add() class methods instead.
Store children_ as a pointer.
* src/ltlenv/defaultenv.cc (require): Adjust to
call atomic_prop::instance.
* src/ltlparse/ltlparse.yy: Adjust to call instance() functions
instead of constructors.
* src/ltltest/Makefile.am (LDADD): Tweak library ordering.
* src/ltlvisit/clone.hh (clone_visitor): Inherit from visitor,
not const_visitor, and adjust all prototypes appropriately.
* src/ltlvisit/clone.cc (clone_visitor): Likewise.
Call ref() or instance() methods instead of copy constructors.
* src/ltlvisit/equals.cc: Simplify atomic_prop and constant
cases.
* src/ltlvisit/lunabbrev.hh, src/ltlvisit/lunabbrev.cc,
src/ltlvisit/tunabbrev.hh, src/ltlvisit/tunabbrev.cc,
src/ltlvisit/nenoform.hh, src/ltlvisit/nenoform.cc: Use instance()
methods instead of constructor.  Make these children of visitor, not
const_visitor.
* src/ltltest/readltl.c (main): Do not delete the formula.

src/ltlenv/defaultenv.cc

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace spot
     formula*
     default_environment::require(const std::string& s)
     {
-      return new atomic_prop(s, *this);
+      return atomic_prop::instance(s, *this);
     }
 
     const std::string&
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace spot
     {
     }
 
-    default_environment& 
+    default_environment&
     default_environment::instance()
     {
       static default_environment* singleton = new default_environment();