847270b480
Also get rid of the lbt_parser, and fix the LBT support of the HOA parser. * doc/org/ltlcross.org, doc/org/ltldo.org: Update. * src/bin/common_trans.cc, src/bin/common_trans.hh: Add support for %O, and keep %T,%N,%H as hidden aliases without disabling them. * src/bin/ltlcross.cc, src/bin/ltldo.cc, src/tgbatest/ltl2tgba.cc: Call hoa_parse instead of lbt_parse. * src/hoaparse/hoaparse.yy: Improve error reporting from LBT. * src/hoaparse/hoascan.ll: Fix typos preventing parsing of LBT files with more than 10 states. * src/tgbaalgos/lbtt.cc, src/tgbaalgos/lbtt.hh: Delete the lbt parser. * src/tgbatest/lbttparse.test: Adjust the expected error message. * NEWS: Update.
462 lines
13 KiB
Org Mode
462 lines
13 KiB
Org Mode
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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#+TITLE: =ltldo=
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#+SETUPFILE: setup.org
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#+HTML_LINK_UP: tools.html
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This tool is a wrapper for tools that read LTL/PSL formulas and
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(optionally) output automata.
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It reads formulas specified using the [[file:ioltl.org][common options for specifying
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input]] and passes each formula to a tool (or a list of tools) specified
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using options similar to those of [[file:ltlcross.org][=ltlcross=]]. In case that tool
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returns an automaton, the resulting automaton is read back by =ltldo=
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and is finally output as specified using the [[file:oaut.org][common options for
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outputing automata]].
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In effect, =ltldo= wraps the I/O interface of the Spot tools on top of
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any other tool.
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* Example: computing statistics for =ltl3ba=
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As a motivating example, consider a scenario where we want to run
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[[http://sourceforge.net/projects/ltl3ba/][=ltl3ba=]] on a set of 10 formulas stored in a file. For each formula
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we would like to compute compute the number of states and edges in the
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Büchi automaton produced by =ltl3ba=.
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Here is the input file:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports code
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cat >sample.ltl <<EOF
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1
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1 U a
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!(!((a U Gb) U b) U GFa)
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(b <-> Xc) xor Fb
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FXb R (a R (1 U b))
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Ga
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G(!(c | (a & (a W Gb))) M Xa)
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GF((b R !a) U (Xc M 1))
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G(Xb | Gc)
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XG!F(a xor Gb)
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EOF
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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We will first implement this scenario without =ltldo=.
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A first problem that the input is not in the correct syntax: although
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=ltl3ba= understands =G= and =F=, it does not support =xor= or =M=,
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and requires the Boolean operators =||= and =&&=. This syntax
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issue can be fixed by processing the input with [[file:ltlfilt.org][=ltlfilt -s=]].
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A second problem is that =ltl3ba= (at least version 1.1.1) can only
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process one formula at a time. So we'll need to call =ltl3ba= in a
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loop.
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Finally, one way to compute the size of the resulting Büchi automaton
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is to pipe the output of =ltl3ba= through [[file:autfilt.org][=autfilt=]].
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Here is how the shell command could look like:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltlfilt -F sample.ltl -s |
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while read f; do
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ltl3ba -f "$f" | autfilt --stats="$f,%s,%t"
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done
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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true,1,1
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true U a,2,4
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!(!((a U []b) U b) U []<>a),2,4
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(((!b && !Xc) || (b && Xc)) && !<>b) || (<>b && !((!b && !Xc) || (b && Xc))),7,21
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<>Xb V (a V (true U b)),6,28
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[]a,1,1
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[](Xa U (Xa && !(c || (a && ([]b V (a || []b)))))),1,0
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[]<>((b V !a) U (true U Xc)),2,4
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[](Xb || []c),3,11
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X[]!<>((a && ![]b) || (!a && []b)),4,10
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#+end_example
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Using =ltldo= the above command can be reduced to this:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo 'ltl3ba -f %s>%O' -F sample.ltl --stats='%f,%s,%t'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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1,1,1
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1 U a,2,4
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!(!((a U Gb) U b) U GFa),2,4
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(b <-> Xc) xor Fb,7,21
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FXb R (a R (1 U b)),6,28
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Ga,1,1
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G(!(c | (a & (a W Gb))) M Xa),1,0
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GF((b R !a) U (Xc M 1)),2,4
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G(Xb | Gc),3,11
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XG!F(a xor Gb),4,10
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#+end_example
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Note that the formulas look different in both cases, because in the
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=while= loop the formula printed has already been processed with
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=ltlfilt=, while =ltldo= emits the input string untouched.
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In fact, as we will discuss below, =ltl3ba= is a tool that =ltldo=
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already knows about, so there is a shorter way to run the above
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command:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports code
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ltldo ltl3ba -F sample.ltl --stats='%f,%s,%t'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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1,1,1
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1 U a,2,4
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!(!((a U Gb) U b) U GFa),2,4
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(b <-> Xc) xor Fb,7,21
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FXb R (a R (1 U b)),6,28
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Ga,1,1
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G(!(c | (a & (a W Gb))) M Xa),1,0
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GF((b R !a) U (Xc M 1)),2,4
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G(Xb | Gc),3,11
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XG!F(a xor Gb),4,10
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#+end_example
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* Example: running =spin= and producing HOA
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Here is another example, where we use Spin to produce two automata in
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the [[http://adl.github.io/hoaf/][HOA format]]. Spin has no support for HOA, but =ltldo= simply
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converts the never claim produced by =spin= into this format.
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo -f a -f GFa 'spin -f %s>%O' -H
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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HOA: v1
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States: 2
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Start: 0
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AP: 1 "a"
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acc-name: Buchi
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Acceptance: 1 Inf(0)
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properties: trans-labels explicit-labels state-acc deterministic
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--BODY--
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State: 0 {0}
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[0] 1
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State: 1 {0}
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[t] 1
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--END--
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HOA: v1
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States: 2
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Start: 0
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AP: 1 "a"
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acc-name: Buchi
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Acceptance: 1 Inf(0)
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properties: trans-labels explicit-labels state-acc complete
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--BODY--
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State: 0
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[0] 1
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[t] 0
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State: 1 {0}
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[t] 0
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--END--
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#+end_example
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Again, using the shorthands defined below, the previous command can be
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simplified to just this:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports code
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ltldo spin -f a -f GFa -H
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#+END_SRC
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* Syntax for specifying tools to call
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The syntax for specifying how a tool should be called is the same as
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in [[file:ltlcross.org][=ltlcross=]]. Namely, the following sequences are available.
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports results
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ltldo --help | sed -n '/character sequences:/,/^$/p' | sed '1d;$d'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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: %f,%s,%l,%w the formula as a (quoted) string in Spot, Spin,
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: LBT, or Wring's syntax
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: %F,%S,%L,%W the formula as a file in Spot, Spin, LBT, or
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: Wring's syntax
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: %O,%D the automaton is output as either (%O) HOA/never
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: claim/LBTT, or (%D) in LTL2DSTAR's format
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Contrarily to =ltlcross=, it this not mandatory to specify an output
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filename using one of the sequence for that last line. For instance
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we could simply run a formula though =echo= to compare different
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output syntaxes:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo -f 'p0 U p1' -f 'GFp0' 'echo %f, %s, %l, %w'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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: (p0) U (p1), (p0) U (p1), U p0 p1, (p0=1) U (p1=1)
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: (G(F(p0))), ([](<>(p0))), G F p0, (G(F(p0=1)))
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In this case (i.e., when the command does not specify any output
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filename), =ltldo= will not output anything.
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As will =ltlcross=, multiple commands can be given, and they will be
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executed on each formula in the same order.
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A typical use-case is to compare statistics of different tools:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo -F sample.ltl 'spin -f %s>%O' 'ltl3ba -f %s>%O' --stats=%T,%f,%s,%e
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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spin -f %s>%O,1,2,2
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,1,1,1
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spin -f %s>%O,1 U a,2,3
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,1 U a,2,3
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spin -f %s>%O,!(!((a U Gb) U b) U GFa),23,86
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,!(!((a U Gb) U b) U GFa),2,3
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spin -f %s>%O,(b <-> Xc) xor Fb,12,23
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,(b <-> Xc) xor Fb,7,11
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spin -f %s>%O,FXb R (a R (1 U b)),28,176
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,FXb R (a R (1 U b)),6,20
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spin -f %s>%O,Ga,1,1
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,Ga,1,1
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spin -f %s>%O,G(!(c | (a & (a W Gb))) M Xa),15,51
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,G(!(c | (a & (a W Gb))) M Xa),1,0
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spin -f %s>%O,GF((b R !a) U (Xc M 1)),12,60
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,GF((b R !a) U (Xc M 1)),2,4
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spin -f %s>%O,G(Xb | Gc),4,8
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,G(Xb | Gc),3,5
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spin -f %s>%O,XG!F(a xor Gb),8,21
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O,XG!F(a xor Gb),4,7
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#+end_example
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Here we used =%T= to output the name of the tool used to translate the
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formula =%f= as an automaton with =%s= states and =%e= edges.
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If you feel that =%T= has too much clutter, you can give each tool
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a shorter name by prefixing its command with ={name}=.
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In the following example, we moved the formula used on its own line
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using the trick that the command =echo %f= will not be subject to
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=--stats= (since it does not declare any output automaton).
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo -F sample.ltl --stats=%T,%s,%e \
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'echo "#" %f' '{spin}spin -f %s>%O' '{ltl3ba}ltl3ba -f %s>%O'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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# (1)
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spin,2,2
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ltl3ba,1,1
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# (1) U (a)
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spin,2,3
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ltl3ba,2,3
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# (!((!(((a) U (G(b))) U (b))) U (G(F(a)))))
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spin,23,86
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ltl3ba,2,3
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# ((b) <-> (X(c))) xor (F(b))
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spin,12,23
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ltl3ba,7,11
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# (F(X(b))) R ((a) R ((1) U (b)))
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spin,28,176
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ltl3ba,6,20
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# (G(a))
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spin,1,1
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ltl3ba,1,1
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# (G((!((c) | ((a) & ((a) W (G(b)))))) M (X(a))))
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spin,15,51
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ltl3ba,1,0
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# (G(F(((b) R (!(a))) U ((X(c)) M (1)))))
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spin,12,60
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ltl3ba,2,4
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# (G((X(b)) | (G(c))))
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spin,4,8
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ltl3ba,3,5
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# (X(G(!(F((a) xor (G(b)))))))
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spin,8,21
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ltl3ba,4,7
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#+end_example
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Much more readable!
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* Shorthands for existing tools
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There is a list of existing tools for which =ltldo= (and =ltlcross=)
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have built-in specifications. This list can be printed using the
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=--list-shorthands= option:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo --list-shorthands
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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If a COMMANDFMT does not use any %-sequence, and starts with one of
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the following words, then the string on the right is appended.
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lbt <%L>%O
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ltl2ba -f %s>%O
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ltl2dstar %L %D
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ltl2tgba -H %f>%O
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ltl3ba -f %s>%O
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ltl3dra -f %f>%D
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modella %L %O
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spin -f %s>%O
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#+end_example
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So for instance you can type just
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo ltl2ba -f a
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#+END_SRC
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to obtain a Dot output (this is the default output format for =ltldo=)
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for the neverclaim produced by =ltl2ba -f a=.
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#+RESULTS:
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: digraph G {
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: rankdir=LR
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: I [label="", style=invis, width=0]
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: I -> 0
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: 0 [label="0", peripheries=2]
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: 0 -> 1 [label="a"]
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: 1 [label="1", peripheries=2]
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: 1 -> 1 [label="1"]
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: }
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The =ltl2ba= argument passed to =ltldo= was interpreted as if you had
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typed ={ltl2ba}ltl2ba -f %s>%O=.
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The shorthand is only used if it is the first word of an command
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string that does not use any =%= character. This makes it possible to
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add options:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo ltl3ba 'ltl3ba -H2' -f GFa --stats='%T, %s states, %e edges'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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: ltl3ba, 2 states, 4 edges
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: ltl3ba -H2, 1 states, 2 edges
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* Transparent renaming
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Have you ever tried to use =spin=, =ltl2ba=, or =ltl3ba=, to translate
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a formula such as =[]!Error=, you have noticed that it does not work:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports code
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spin -f '[]!Error'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports results
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spin -f '[]!Error' 2>&1 || exit 0
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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: tl_spin: expected predicate, saw 'E'
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: tl_spin: []!Error
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: -------------^
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All these tools are based on the same LTL parser, that allows
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only atomic propositions starting with a lowercase letter.
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Running the same command through =ltldo= will work:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo spin -f '[]!Error' -s
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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: never {
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: accept_init:
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: if
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: :: ((!(Error))) -> goto accept_init
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: fi;
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: }
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(We need the =-s= option to obtain a never claim, instead of the
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default GraphViz output.)
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What happened is that =ltldo= renamed the atomic propositions in the
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formula before calling =spin=. So =spin= actually received the
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formula =[]!p0=, produced a never claim using =p0=, and that never
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claim was then relabeled by =ltldo= to use =Error= instead of =p0=.
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This renaming occurs any time some command uses =%s= or =%S= and the
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formula has atomic propositions incompatible with Spin's conventions;
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or when some command uses =%l= or =%L=, and the formula has
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atomic propositions incompatible with [[http://www.tcs.hut.fi/Software/maria/tools/lbt/][LBT's conventions]].
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There are some cases where the renaming is not completely transparent.
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For instance if a translator tool outputs some HOA file named after
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the formula translated, the name will be output unmodified (since this
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can be any text string, there is not way for =ltldo= to assume it is
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an LTL formula). In the following example, you can see that the
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automaton uses the atomic proposition =Error=, but its name contains a
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reference to =p0=.
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo 'ltl3ba -H' -f '[]!Error' -H
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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HOA: v1
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name: "BA for ([](!(p0)))"
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States: 1
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Start: 0
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AP: 1 "Error"
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acc-name: Buchi
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Acceptance: 1 Inf(0)
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properties: trans-labels explicit-labels state-acc deterministic
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--BODY--
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State: 0 "accept_init" {0}
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[!0] 0
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--END--
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#+end_example
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If this is a problem, you can always force a new name with the
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=--name= option:
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh :results verbatim :exports both
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ltldo 'ltl3ba -H' -f '[]!Error' -H --name='BA for %f'
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+begin_example
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HOA: v1
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name: "BA for []!Error"
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States: 1
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Start: 0
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AP: 1 "Error"
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acc-name: Buchi
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Acceptance: 1 Inf(0)
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properties: trans-labels explicit-labels state-acc deterministic
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--BODY--
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State: 0 "accept_init" {0}
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[!0] 0
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--END--
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#+end_example
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* Controlling and measuring time
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The run time of each command can be restricted with the =-T NUM=
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option. The argument is the maximum number of seconds that each
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command is allowed to run.
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When a timeout occurs a warning is printed on stderr, and no automaton
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(or statistic) is output by =ltdo= for this specific pair of
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command/formula. The processing then continue with other formulas and
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tools. Timeouts are not considered as errors, so they have no effect
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on the exit status of =ltldo=.
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For each command (that does not terminate with a timeout) the runtime
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can be printed using the =%r= escape sequence. This makes =ltldo= an
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alternative to [[file:ltlcross.org][=ltlcross=]] for running benchmarks without any
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verification.
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